REF: 'World Religions', editor Martin Palmer
The core of Islamic belief is the 'Oneness' of the Divine Perfection of Existence. "The Divine, who does not depend on any for existence, is constant, unchanging, reliable and thus; the only Reality. It is impossible for ephemeral, perishable creation to resemble the Creator on whom it depends for its very existence." 
ALLAH
While the word 'Creator' describes on Divine attribute, the Arabic name Allah represents the totality of the attributes of the Divine Perfection of Existence.
Islamic teaching begins with Adam, who is believed to be the ancestor of Homo Sapiens, and the first prophet whom Allah guided. Integral to Adam's guidance was confirmation that subsequent generations would also be guided. Islamic belief is that 124,000 prophets were sent to ensure that all nations and tribes would benefit. This is important if humanity is to be held accountable for its actions. How could people, who had not received clear guidance, possibly held accountable? Therefore every prophet taught that people should only worship the Divine Perfection of Existence, and should behave decently toward one another.
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Allah's final Prophet, Muhammad Mustafa, was sent to confirm and re-establish the guidance of previous prophets, and to ensure that Allah's guidance would remain available for all people until the end of human life on earth.
COLOPHONS: Arabic terms of respect used by Muslims
Sallalahu Alayhi wa aalihi wa Salaam
May Allah's greetings and blessings be upon him & his progeny (used immediately after referring to the Prophet Muhammad)
Alayha al-Salaam
Peace be upon her (used immediately after referring to Khadijah, Fatimah, Zaynab & Maryam)
Alayhi al-Salaam
May Allah bless him (used immediately after referring to a single Imam or Prophet) )
Alayhima al-Salaam
May Allah bless them (used directly after referring to two Imams or Prophets)
Alayhum al-Salaam
May Allah bless them (after referring to three or more Imams or Prophets)
Rahimahu Allah
May Allah grant him mercy (after referring to a single deceased and respected person)
Rahimahum Allah
May Allah grant them mercy (after referring to deceased and respected people)
Quddisa Sirroh
May his soul be blessed (after referring to a single deceased and respected scholar) 
Quddisa Sirrohuma
May their souls be blessed (after referring to two deceased and respected scholars)
Radi Allahu anhu
May Allah be pleased with him (after referring to a respected companion of the Prophet or the Imams)
In AD 622, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Makkah to Madinah. This departure (or hijrah) came to mark the beginning of the Muslim era. At Madinah, Muhammad organized his followers into a dynamic socio-political group, whose authority was by his death extended over much of the Arabian peninsula.
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